Effect of topological non-hexagonal rings and Stone Wale defects on the vibrational response of single and multi-layer ion irradiated graphene

Present study explores the observation of topological non-hexagonal rings (NHR) and Stone Wale (SW) defects by Raman experiments in both single (SLG) multi-layer graphene (MLG) after they are irradiated with 100–300 eV Ar ions. Although predicted theoretical studies, here it is experimentally shown that SW/NHR have a signature Raman. Broad bandwidth pertinent features suggests presence more than one defect mode, agreement DFT studies. Variations related mode intensities demonstrate annihilation these at higher energies. Behavior allowed G 2D excitations, as well disorder-activated D, D’ G* lines, has also been investigated SLG MLG. These indicate an evolution ion irradiation, transition state beyond which modes dominated rise sp3 content. Correlation aspects provide significant insight into induced graphene. The direct spectroscopy could be important promoting exploration rich Graphene various fields.